Autorisesed use of PPP: KARATE ZEON 5 CS
Crop/Area Target organism Minor use Type of use Place of use GAP Nr. of treatments Application rate LWA
(Pisum sativum L.): PIBSX  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
(Lens culinaris): LENCU  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
(Vicia faba L.): VICFX  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
(Vicia faba L.): VICFX  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
(Lens culinaris): LENCU  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
(Lens culinaris): LENCU  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
(Vicia faba L.): VICFX  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.): ASPOF  Asparagus maggot (Plioreocepta poeciloptera (Schrank)): PLPRPO  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Aubergine (Solanum melongena L.): SOLME  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Aubergine (Solanum melongena L.): SOLME  Brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys Stal): HALYHA  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Aubergine (Solanum melongena L.): SOLME  Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (SAY)): LPTNDE  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Aubergine (Solanum melongena L.): SOLME  Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum (WESTWOOD)): TRIAVA  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,2 l/ha   2   
Barley (spring and winter) (Hordeum vulgare L.): HORVX  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Barley (spring and winter) (Hordeum vulgare L.): HORVX  Cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus (Linnaeus)): LEMAME  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Beans (with pods) (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): PHSVX  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): CPSAN  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): CPSAN  Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (SAY)): LPTNDE  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): CPSAN  Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum (WESTWOOD)): TRIAVA  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,2 l/ha   2   
Bleached celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce (Miller) de Candolle): APUGD  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC./ZENK): BRSOF  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC./ZENK): BRSOF  Bright-line brown-eye (Lacanobia oleracea (Linnaeus)): POLIOL  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,2 l/ha   2   
Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC./ZENK): BRSOF  Cabbage caterpillar (Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus)): PIERBR  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,2 l/ha   2   
Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC./ZENK): BRSOF  Cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae (Linnaeus)): BARABR  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,2 l/ha   2   
Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC./ZENK): BRSOF  Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum (WESTWOOD)): TRIAVA  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,2 l/ha   2   
Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis): BRSOB  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis): BRSOB  Flea beetle (Phyllotreta sp. Chevrolat): PHYESP  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis): BRSOB  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Celery leaves (Apium graveolens var. secalinum Alefeld): APUGS  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Loureiro) Hanelt): BRSPK  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   1   
Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Loureiro) Hanelt): BRSPK  Flea beetle (Phyllotreta sp. Chevrolat): PHYESP  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   1   
Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Loureiro) Hanelt): BRSPK  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   1   
Cucumber (for salad) (Cucumis sativus L.): CUMSA  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Cucumber (for salad) (Cucumis sativus L.): CUMSA  Brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys Stal): HALYHA  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Cucumber (for salad) (Cucumis sativus L.): CUMSA  Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum (WESTWOOD)): TRIAVA  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,2 l/ha   2   
Cucumber (for salad) (Cucumis sativus L.): CUMSA  Moths of genus Mamestra (Mamestra (Ochsenheimer)): 1MAMEG  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Cucumber (for salad) (Cucumis sativus L.): CUMSA  Thrips (Thrips (Linnaeus)): 1THRIG  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Fodder beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris var. crassa Helm): BEAVC  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Fodder beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris var. crassa Helm): BEAVC  Flea beetle (Phyllotreta sp. Chevrolat): PHYESP  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Forest plants nursery (gozdna drevesnica): YPFLG  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,18 l/ha   2   
Forest plants nursery (gozdna drevesnica): YPFLG  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,18 l/ha   2   
Forest plants nursery (gozdna drevesnica): YPFLG  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,18 l/ha   2   
Fruit plants nursery (sadna drevesnica): NNNBA  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,18 l/ha   2   
Fruit plants nursery (sadna drevesnica): NNNBA  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,18 l/ha   2   
Fruit plants nursery (sadna drevesnica): NNNBA  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,18 l/ha   2   
Garlic, cive (Allium sativum L.): ALLSA  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Garlic, cive (Allium sativum L.): ALLSA  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Garlic, cive (Allium sativum L.): ALLSA  Thrips (Thrips (Linnaeus)): 1THRIG  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Head cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata): BRSOL  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Head cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata): BRSOL  Bright-line brown-eye (Lacanobia oleracea (Linnaeus)): POLIOL  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,2 l/ha   2   
Head cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata): BRSOL  Cabbage caterpillar (Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus)): PIERBR  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,2 l/ha   2   
Head cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata): BRSOL  Cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae (Linnaeus)): BARABR  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,2 l/ha   2   
Head cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata): BRSOL  Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum (WESTWOOD)): TRIAVA  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,2 l/ha   2   
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.): HUMLU  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,007 - 0,01 %   2   
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.): HUMLU  Damson-hop aphid (Phorodon humuli (Schrank)): PHODHU  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,007 - 0,01 %   2   
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.): HUMLU  European hop flea beetle (Psylliodes attenuata (Koch)): PSYIAT  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,007 - 0,01 %   2   
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.): HUMLU  European maize borer (Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)): PYRUNU  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,007 - 0,01 %   2   
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.): HUMLU  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,007 - 0,01 %   2   
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana Gärtner, Meyer & Scherbius): ARWLA  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana Gärtner, Meyer & Scherbius): ARWLA  Flea beetle (Phyllotreta sp. Chevrolat): PHYESP  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana Gärtner, Meyer & Scherbius): ARWLA  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Leek (Allium porrum L.): ALLPO  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Oat, common (spring and winter) (Avena sativa L.): AVESA  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Oat, common (spring and winter) (Avena sativa L.): AVESA  Cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus (Linnaeus)): LEMAME  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Oilseed rape (seed production) (Brassica napus L.): BRSNN  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  YES Crop for seed production  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Oilseed rape (seed production) (Brassica napus L.): BRSNN  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Crop for seed production  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Oilseed rape (seed production) (Brassica napus L.): BRSNN  Blossom beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus (Fabricius)): MELIAE  YES Crop for seed production  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Oilseed rape (seed production) (Brassica napus L.): BRSNN  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Crop for seed production  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Oilseed rape (seed production) (Brassica napus L.): BRSNN  Weevils of genus Ceutorhynchus (Ceutorhynchus Germar): 1CEUTG  YES Crop for seed production  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Oilseed rape (spring and winter) (Brassica napus L.): BRSNN  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Oilseed rape (spring and winter) (Brassica napus L.): BRSNN  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Oilseed rape (spring and winter) (Brassica napus L.): BRSNN  Blossom beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus (Fabricius)): MELIAE  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Oilseed rape (spring and winter) (Brassica napus L.): BRSNN  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Oilseed rape (spring and winter) (Brassica napus L.): BRSNN  Weevils of genus Ceutorhynchus (Ceutorhynchus Germar): 1CEUTG  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Onion (for bulb) (Allium cepa L.): ALLCE  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Onion (for bulb) (Allium cepa L.): ALLCE  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Onion (for bulb) (Allium cepa L.): ALLCE  Thrips (Thrips (Linnaeus)): 1THRIG  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Opium poppy (seeds for oil/food) (Papaver somniferum L.): PAPSO  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   1   
Opium poppy (seeds for oil/food) (Papaver somniferum L.): PAPSO  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   1   
Opium poppy (seeds for oil/food) (Papaver somniferum L.): PAPSO  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   1   
Ornamental plants nursery (okrasna drevesnica): NNNBA  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,18 l/ha   2   
Ornamental plants nursery (okrasna drevesnica): NNNBA  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,18 l/ha   2   
Ornamental plants nursery (okrasna drevesnica): NNNBA  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,18 l/ha   2   
Ornamentals (okrasne rastline): NNNZZ  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  YES Foliar treatment  Greenhouse  0,03 %   2   
Ornamentals (okrasne rastline): NNNZZ  Brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys Stal): HALYHA  YES Foliar treatment  Greenhouse  0,03 %   2   
Ornamentals (okrasne rastline): NNNZZ  Flea beetle (Phyllotreta sp. Chevrolat): PHYESP  YES Foliar treatment  Greenhouse  0,03 %   2   
Ornamentals (okrasne rastline): NNNZZ  Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum (WESTWOOD)): TRIAVA  YES Foliar treatment  Greenhouse  0,03 %   2   
Ornamentals (okrasne rastline): NNNZZ  Thrips (Thrips (Linnaeus)): 1THRIG  YES Foliar treatment  Greenhouse  0,03 %   2   
Pear tree, common (Pyrus communis L.): PYUCO  Brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys Stal): HALYHA  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,018 %   2   
Pear tree, common (Pyrus communis L.): PYUCO  Pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyri (Linnaeus)): PSYLPI  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,018 %   2   
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.): SOLTU  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   1   
Radish, garden (Raphanus sativus L.): RAPSR  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Radish, garden (Raphanus sativus L.): RAPSR  Bright-line brown-eye (Lacanobia oleracea (Linnaeus)): POLIOL  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,2 l/ha   2   
Radish, garden (Raphanus sativus L.): RAPSR  Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum (WESTWOOD)): TRIAVA  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,2 l/ha   2   
Rooted celery (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum (Miller) Poiret): APUGR  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Rye (spring and winter) (Secale cereale L.): SECCE  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Rye (spring and winter) (Secale cereale L.): SECCE  Cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus (Linnaeus)): LEMAME  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Salad rocket (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa (Miller) Thellung): ERUVE  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Salad rocket (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa (Miller) Thellung): ERUVE  Flea beetle (Phyllotreta sp. Chevrolat): PHYESP  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Salad rocket (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa (Miller) Thellung): ERUVE  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.): ALLAS  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.): ALLAS  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.): ALLAS  Thrips (Thrips (Linnaeus)): 1THRIG  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.): SPQOL  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.): SPQOL  Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum (WESTWOOD)): TRIAVA  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,2 l/ha   2   
Stock nursery (Apple) (matièni nasadi jablan): NNNBA  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,018 %   1   
Stock nursery (Apple) (matièni nasadi jablan): NNNBA  Pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyri (Linnaeus)): PSYLPI  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,018 %   1   
Stock nursery (Apple) (matièni nasadi jablan): NNNBA  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,018 %   1   
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris var. altissima DOELL.): BEAVA  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris var. altissima DOELL.): BEAVA  Flea beetle (Phyllotreta sp. Chevrolat): PHYESP  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Linnaeus): LYPES  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Linnaeus): LYPES  Brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys Stal): HALYHA  YES Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Linnaeus): LYPES  Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (SAY)): LPTNDE  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Linnaeus): LYPES  Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum (WESTWOOD)): TRIAVA  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,2 l/ha   2   
Triticale (spring and winter) (X Triticosecale Wittm.): 1TTLG  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Triticale (spring and winter) (X Triticosecale Wittm.): 1TTLG  Cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus (Linnaeus)): LEMAME  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Turnip, edible (Brassica rapa L.): BRSRR  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   1   
Turnip, edible (Brassica rapa L.): BRSRR  Biting insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   1   
Turnip, edible (Brassica rapa L.): BRSRR  Bright-line brown-eye (Lacanobia oleracea (Linnaeus)): POLIOL  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   1   
Turnip, edible (Brassica rapa L.): BRSRR  Cabbage caterpillar (Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus)): PIERBR  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   1   
Turnip, edible (Brassica rapa L.): BRSRR  Cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae (Linnaeus)): BARABR  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   1   
Turnip, edible (Brassica rapa L.): BRSRR  Sucking insects (Insecta): 1INSEC  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   1   
Wheat (spring and winter) (Triticum aestivum L.): TRZAX  Aphids family (Aphididae): 1APHIF  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2   
Wheat (spring and winter) (Triticum aestivum L.): TRZAX  Cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus (Linnaeus)): LEMAME  Foliar treatment  Field - Outdoor  0,15 l/ha   2